{"id":1579,"count":1,"description":"<h2>Turecko, k\u0159i\u017eovatka civilizac\u00ed<\/h2>\r\nTureck\u00e1 republika je jedinou zem\u00ed, kter\u00e1 okupuje \u00fazem\u00ed v Asii i na evropsk\u00fdch kontinentech. Istanbul a Canakkale jsou dv\u011b m\u011bsta zalo\u017een\u00e1 na dvou stran\u00e1ch dvou strast\u00ed (Bosphorus a Dardanelles), kter\u00e9 se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed na pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Marmara Sea a dvou kontinent\u016f. Zem\u011b na evropsk\u00e9m kontinentu se naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed Trakya (Thr\u00e1kie) a zem\u011b v asijsk\u00e9m kontinentu zvan\u00e9 Anatolia (Mal\u00e1 Asie).\r\n\r\nTurecko je velk\u00e1 zem\u011b, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 738 562 kilometr\u016f \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch ploch a 86.000.000 obyvatel.\r\n\r\nTurecko je demokratick\u00e1 a sekul\u00e1rn\u00ed zem\u011b coby n\u00e1stupnick\u00fd st\u00e1t Osmansk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e od sv\u00e9ho zalo\u017een\u00ed Mustafa Kemala Atat\u00fcrka, od roku 1923. Atat\u00fcrk, jako jeden z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch postav v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch sv\u011bta, je nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm symbolem modernismu v Turecku a je milov\u00e1n velk\u00fdm pod\u00edlem tureck\u00e9 populace.\r\n\r\nZem\u011b se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 ze 7 zem\u011bpisn\u00fdch region\u016f a 81 provinci\u00ed. Hlavn\u00edm m\u011bstem je Ankara (4 500 000 obyvatel) a Istanbul je nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm m\u011bstem Turecka a Evropy s 14 000 000 obyvateli. Dal\u0161\u00edmi nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edmi m\u011bsty jsou Izmir, Bursa, Adana, Mersin, Antalya a Konya.\r\n\r\nTurecko m\u00e1 historii datovan\u00e9 p\u0159ed 12,000 lety. G\u00f6beklitepe, na v\u00fdchod\u011b zem\u011b, se pova\u017euje za prvn\u00ed lidsk\u00e9 os\u00eddlen\u00ed na sv\u011bt\u011b. Po\u010d\u00ednaje 6,000 lety byly zem\u011b Anatolie domovem tolika r\u016fzn\u00fdch civilizac\u00ed; Luwian\u00e9 (Tro\u0148an\u00e9, Lydian\u00e9, Lyci\u00e1ni a Karan\u00e9), Sumerian\u00e9, Hattis a Hittitov\u00e9, Asy\u0159an\u00e9, Frygian\u00e9, Galatici, Urartian\u00e9, Per\u0161any, J\u00e1nci, \u0158\u00edman\u00e9, Byzantinci, Mongolov\u00e9, Seljuks a Osman\u00e9.\r\n\r\nTurecko, kter\u00e9 je na velmi strategick\u00e9 zem\u011bpisn\u00e9 poloze, m\u00e1 hranice s mnoha zem\u011bmi s odli\u0161n\u00fdmi vlastnostmi. Nejdel\u0161\u00ed hrani\u010dn\u00ed linie Turecka je se S\u00fdri\u00ed (877 km). Dal\u0161\u00edmi sousedn\u00edmi zem\u011bmi jsou Irak, \u00cdr\u00e1n, Arm\u00e9nie, \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1n, Gruzie, Rusko, Ukrajina, Bulharsko a \u0158ecko. Po celou dobu sv\u00e9 historie se Anatolie chovala jako bari\u00e9ra a most mezi ob\u011bma kontinenty a st\u00e1le v modern\u00edch dob\u00e1ch za\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 zem\u011b velk\u00e9 konflikty kv\u016fli t\u00e9to velmi jedine\u010dn\u00e9 zem\u011bpisn\u00e9 poloze; jako politick\u00e9 konflikty s Ruskem a USA, proto\u017ee jsou kandid\u00e1tem na Evropskou unii od roku 1963 a v n\u011bkolika m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch maj\u00ed po\u010det imigrant\u016f v 4 000 000.\r\n\r\nKrom\u011b 10 soused\u016f je Turecko obklopeno 3 velk\u00fdmi mo\u0159em a 1 vnit\u0159n\u00edm mo\u0159em; \u010cern\u00e9 mo\u0159e na severu, Egejsk\u00fd oce\u00e1n na z\u00e1pad\u011b, St\u0159edozemn\u00ed mo\u0159e na jihu a Marmara Sea mezi ob\u011bma kontinenty.\r\n<h2>Turistika v Turecku<\/h2>\r\nKa\u017ed\u00fd rok kolem 10 000 000 ture\u010dt\u00ed lid\u00e9 cestuj\u00ed do ciziny na dovolenou. Hlavn\u00edmi destinacemi tureck\u00fdch lid\u00ed jsou \u0158ecko, It\u00e1lie, \u0160pan\u011blsko a N\u011bmecko.\r\n\r\nNa druh\u00e9 stran\u011b je Turecko jednou z nejpopul\u00e1rn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch turistick\u00fdch destinac\u00ed na sv\u011bt\u011b. V roce 2019 je Turecko v 6 nejnav\u0161t\u011bvovan\u011bj\u0161\u00edch zem\u00edch sv\u011bta s v\u00edce ne\u017e 40 000 000 turistick\u00fdmi turisty. V Turecku je mnoho turistick\u00fdch destinac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 ka\u017ed\u00fd z nich nab\u00edz\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 z\u00e1\u017eitky;\r\n<h3>Nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00ed destinace v Turecku<\/h3>\r\n<h4>Istanbul<\/h4>\r\nIstanbul je popul\u00e1rn\u00ed pro bohat\u00e9 d\u011bjiny, muzea, pam\u00e1tky, kr\u00e1su Bospor a barevn\u00fd spole\u010densk\u00fd \u017eivot.\r\n<h4>Antalya<\/h4>\r\nM\u011bsto Antalya a okol\u00ed je obl\u00edben\u00e9 pro svou bohatou historii, p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed kr\u00e1sy, 5 hv\u011bzd v\u010detn\u011b hotel\u016f, p\u011bkn\u00fdch p\u00edse\u010dn\u00fdch pl\u00e1\u017e\u00ed, tyrkysk\u00e9 modr\u00e9 mo\u0159e, dokonal\u00e9 slu\u017eby a cenov\u011b p\u0159ijateln\u00e9 ceny.\r\n<h4>Cappadocia<\/h4>\r\nTato oblast je uprost\u0159ed Anatolie. Je proslul\u00fd sv\u00fdmi neobvykl\u00fdmi zem\u011bpisn\u00fdmi \u00fatvary, tajemn\u00fdmi podzemn\u00edmi m\u011bsty a Baloon j\u00edzdou.\r\n<h4>Egejsk\u00fd pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed<\/h4>\r\nZ\u00e1padn\u00ed pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Turecka je pln\u00e9 zachoval\u00fdch starov\u011bk\u00fdch m\u011bst, jako jsou Troya, Efesus, Pergamsk\u00e9m, M\u00edlet, Myra Aphrodisias, Hierapolis a sv\u011btozn\u00e1m\u00e1 pr\u00e1zdninov\u00e1 m\u011bsta jako Bozcaada, Cesme, Alacati, Bodrum, Fethiye, Datca a Marmaris. Pokud jste k\u0159es\u0165an, m\u016f\u017eete nav\u0161t\u00edvit Mary House v Selcuku stejn\u011b jako na pou\u0165.\r\n<h4>N\u011bkter\u00e9 z nejlep\u0161\u00edch kulturn\u00edch a historick\u00fdch turistick\u00fdch atrakc\u00ed v Turecku:<\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Topkapi Pal\u00e1c, Istanbul<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Hagia Sofia, Istanbul<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Modr\u00e1 me\u0161ita, Istanbul<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Basilika Cisterna, Istanbul<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Bospor, Istanbul<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Sulejmaniye Me\u0161ita, Istanbul<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Galatsk\u00e1 v\u011b\u017e, Istanbul<\/li>\r\n \t<li>D\u00edv\u010d\u00ed v\u011b\u017e, Istanbul<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Dolmabah\u00e7e Pal\u00e1c, Istanbul<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Archeologick\u00e9 muzeum, Istanbul<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Princezniny ostrovy, Istanbul<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Archeologick\u00e9 nalezi\u0161t\u011b Tr\u00f3je, \u00c7anakkale<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Muzeum anatolsk\u00fdch civilizac\u00ed, Ankara<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Anitkabir, Ataturk\u016fv mauzoleum, Ankara<\/li>\r\n \t<li>G\u00f6beklitepe a Karahantepe, \u015eanl\u0131urfa<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Starov\u011bk\u00e9 m\u011bsto Efez, Sel\u00e7uk<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Mozaikov\u00e9 muzeum Zeugma, Gaziantep<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Hora Nemrut, Ad\u0131yaman<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Divrigi Ulucamii, Sivas<\/li>\r\n \t<li>N\u00e1rodn\u00ed park G\u00f6reme, Nev\u015fehir<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Chattu\u0161a\u0161 (Hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto Chetit\u016f), \u00c7orum<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Pamukkale a Hierapolis, Denizli<\/li>\r\n \t<li>M\u011bsto Safranbolu, Karab\u00fck<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Me\u0161ita Selimiye, Edirne<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Neolitick\u00e9 nalezi\u0161t\u011b \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck, Konya<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Vesnice Cumal\u0131k\u0131z\u0131k, Bursa<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Starov\u011bk\u00e9 nalezi\u0161t\u011b Pergamon, Izmir<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Archeologick\u00e9 muzeum, Antalya<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Starov\u011bk\u00e9 divadlo Aspendos, Antalya<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Starov\u011bk\u00e9 nalezi\u0161t\u011b Afrodisias, Aydin<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Starov\u011bk\u00e9 nalezi\u0161t\u011b Pergamon<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Muzeum modern\u00edho um\u011bn\u00ed Istanbul<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 muzeum Rahmi Ko\u00e7<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Miniaturk, Istanbul<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Starov\u011bk\u00e9 divadlo Aspendos<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Jezero Salda<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Pl\u00e1\u017e Patara<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Dalyan a pl\u00e1\u017e Iztuzu<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Starov\u011bk\u00e9 nalezi\u0161t\u011b Side<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Vodop\u00e1dy Manavgat, Antalya<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Jeskyn\u011b Damlata\u015f, Antalya<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Pal\u00e1c Ishakpa\u015fa, A\u011fr\u0131<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Hrad Bodrum, Mu\u011fla<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u00d6l\u00fcdeniz, Fethiye<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Ostrov Cunda, Ayvalik<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Bozcaada<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Kl\u00e1\u0161ter Mor Gabriel, Mardin<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Kl\u00e1\u0161ter Sumela, Trabzon<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Harran, \u015eanl\u0131urfa<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Kl\u00e1\u0161ter Deyrulzaferan, Mardin<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Mevlana, Konya<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Domy Odunpazar\u0131, Eski\u015fehir<\/li>\r\n \t<li>N\u00e1rodn\u00ed park Yedig\u00f6ller, Bolu<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Jezero Abant, Bolu<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","link":"https:\/\/travelingturks.com\/cs\/evrope\/turecko\/","name":"Turecko","slug":"turecko","taxonomy":"category","parent":1574,"meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelingturks.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories\/1579","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelingturks.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelingturks.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/taxonomies\/category"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelingturks.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories\/1574"}],"wp:post_type":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelingturks.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts?categories=1579"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}