{"id":3863,"count":1,"description":"

Turcija: Civiliz\u0101ciju krustceles<\/h2>\r\nTurcijas Republika ie\u0146em unik\u0101lu vietu k\u0101 vien\u012bg\u0101 valsts, kas aptver gan \u0100zijas, gan Eiropas kontinentus. Stambula un Kanakale ir divas pils\u0113tas, kas atrodas Bosfora un Dardane\u013cu j\u016bras \u0161aurumu pret\u0113j\u0101s pus\u0113s, kas atdala Marmora j\u016bru un divus kontinentus. Eiropas re\u0123ions ir paz\u012bstams k\u0101 Tr\u0101\u0137ija (Trakya), savuk\u0101rt \u0100zijas da\u013ca tiek saukta par Anatoliju (Maz\u0101zija).\r\n\r\nTurcija lepojas ar pla\u0161u sauszemes masu, kas aptver 738.562 kvadr\u0101tkilometrus, un taj\u0101 dz\u012bvo 86 miljoni cilv\u0113ku.\r\n\r\nTurcija dibin\u0101ta 1923.\u00a0gad\u0101, un t\u0101 ir demokr\u0101tiska un sekul\u0101ra n\u0101cija, kas seko Osma\u0146u imp\u0113rijai. Mustafa Kemals Ataturks, viena no pasaules noz\u012bm\u012bg\u0101kaj\u0101m v\u0113sturiskaj\u0101m person\u012bb\u0101m, joproj\u0101m ir modernisma simbols Turcij\u0101, un to m\u012bl liela da\u013ca Turcijas iedz\u012bvot\u0101ju.\r\n\r\nValsts ir sadal\u012bta septi\u0146os \u0123eogr\u0101fiskos re\u0123ionos un sast\u0101v no 81 provinces. Ankara ar 4,5 miljoniem iedz\u012bvot\u0101ju kalpo k\u0101 galvaspils\u0113ta, savuk\u0101rt Stambula ar 14 miljoniem iedz\u012bvot\u0101ju ir ne tikai liel\u0101k\u0101 Turcijas pils\u0113ta, bet ar\u012b liel\u0101k\u0101 Eirop\u0101. Citas liel\u0101k\u0101s pils\u0113tas ir Izmira, Bursa, Adana, Mersina, Ant\u0101lija un Konija.\r\n\r\nTurcijas v\u0113sture sniedzas 12.000 gadu sen\u0101 pag\u0101tn\u0113 l\u012bdz t\u0101s pirms\u0101kumiem. Gobeklitepe, kas atrodas valsts austrumu da\u013c\u0101, tiek uzskat\u012bta par pasaul\u0113 pirmo cilv\u0113ku apmetni. T\u016bksto\u0161gades laik\u0101 Anatolija ir bijusi m\u0101jvieta daudz\u0101m civiliz\u0101cij\u0101m, tostarp luvie\u0161iem (trojie\u0161iem, l\u012bdie\u0161iem, likie\u0161iem un karie\u0161iem), \u0161umeriem, hatiem un hetitiem, as\u012brie\u0161iem, fr\u012b\u0123iem, galatie\u0161iem, urartie\u0161iem, persie\u0161iem, jonie\u0161iem, romie\u0161iem, bizantie\u0161iem, mongo\u013ciem, Seld\u017euki un osma\u0146i.\r\n\r\nAtrodoties strat\u0113\u0123iski svar\u012bg\u0101 \u0123eogr\u0101fisk\u0101 viet\u0101, Turcijai ir kop\u012bgas robe\u017eas ar daudz\u0101m valst\u012bm, katrai no t\u0101m ir savas unik\u0101l\u0101s \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas. T\u0101s gar\u0101k\u0101 robe\u017ea atrodas ar S\u012briju (877 km), un tai ir ar\u012b robe\u017eas ar Ir\u0101ku, Ir\u0101nu, Arm\u0113niju, Azerbaid\u017e\u0101nu, Gruziju, Krieviju, Ukrainu, Bulg\u0101riju un Grie\u0137iju. Vis\u0101 t\u0101s v\u0113stur\u0113 Anatolija ir bijusi gan barjera, gan tilts starp kontinentiem, izraisot m\u016bsdienu konfliktus, piem\u0113ram, politisko spriedzi ar Krieviju un ASV, past\u0101v\u012bgo kandidat\u016bru dal\u012bbai Eiropas Savien\u012bb\u0101 kop\u0161 1963.\u00a0gada un neseno \u010detru miljonu imigrantu piepl\u016bdumu. .\r\n\r\nPapildus desmit kaimi\u0146valst\u012bm Turciju ieskauj tr\u012bs lielas j\u016bras un viena iek\u0161\u0113j\u0101 j\u016bra: Meln\u0101 j\u016bra zieme\u013cos, Egejas j\u016bra rietumos, Vidusj\u016bra dienvidos un Marmora j\u016bra, kas atdala abus kontinentus.\r\n

T\u016brisms Turcij\u0101<\/h3>\r\nKatru gadu aptuveni desmit miljoni Turcijas pilso\u0146u dodas atva\u013cin\u0101juma laik\u0101 uz \u0101rzem\u0113m ar popul\u0101riem galam\u0113r\u0137iem, tostarp Grie\u0137iju, It\u0101liju, Sp\u0101niju un V\u0101ciju.\r\n\r\nUn otr\u0101di, pati Turcija ierindojas starp pasaules popul\u0101r\u0101kajiem t\u016brisma galam\u0113r\u0137iem. 2019.\u00a0gad\u0101 Turcija bija sest\u0101 visvair\u0101k apmekl\u0113t\u0101 valsts pasaul\u0113, uz\u0146emot vair\u0101k nek\u0101 40 miljonus t\u016bristu. Turcija pied\u0101v\u0101 daudzveid\u012bgu t\u016bristu pieredzi daudzos galam\u0113r\u0137os, tostarp:\r\n

Da\u017ei no popul\u0101r\u0101kajiem galam\u0113r\u0137iem Turcij\u0101:<\/h4>\r\nStambula:<\/strong> slavena ar savu bag\u0101to v\u0113sturi, muzejiem, pieminek\u013ciem, satrieco\u0161o Bosforu un ros\u012bgo sabiedrisko dz\u012bvi.\r\nAnt\u0101lija:<\/strong> paz\u012bstama ar savu bag\u0101to v\u0113sturi, dabas skaistumu, 5\u00a0zvaig\u017e\u0146u k\u016brortiem (viss iek\u013cauts), smalk\u0101m smil\u0161u pludmal\u0113m, tirk\u012bza \u016bde\u0146iem, lielisku servisu un pie\u0146emam\u0101m cen\u0101m.\r\nKapadokija:<\/strong> atrodas Anatolijas centr\u0101, kas ir slavena ar saviem unik\u0101lajiem \u0123eolo\u0123iskajiem veidojumiem, nosl\u0113pumainaj\u0101m pazemes pils\u0113t\u0101m un braucieniem ar gaisa balonu.\r\nEgejas j\u016bras piekrasti:<\/strong> Rietumu krastos ir labi saglab\u0101ju\u0161\u0101s sen\u0101s pils\u0113tas, piem\u0113ram, Troja, Efeza, Pergamona, Mileta, Maira, Afrodizija, Hierapolisa un t\u0101di popul\u0101ri br\u012bvdienu galam\u0113r\u0137i k\u0101 Bozcaada, Cesme, Alacati, Bodrum, Fethiye, Datca un Marmaris. Marijas nams Selcuk\u0101 ir noz\u012bm\u012bga kristie\u0161u sv\u0113tce\u013cojumu vieta.\r\n

Da\u017ei no noz\u012bm\u012bg\u0101kajiem kult\u016bras, v\u0113stures un dabas t\u016brisma objektiem Turcij\u0101, ko apmekl\u0113t un redz\u0113t<\/h3>\r\n
\r\n
\r\n
\r\n
\r\n
\r\n
\r\n
\r\n
\r\n
\r\n
\r\n
\r\n
\r\n
    \r\n \t
  • Topkapio r\u016bmai, Stambulas<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Hagia Sofia, Stambulas<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Sultanahmet me\u010det\u0117, Stambulas<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Basilikos cisterna, Stambulas<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Bosforas, Stambulas<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Sulejmanij\u0117s me\u010det\u0117, Stambulas<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Galata bok\u0161tas, Stambulas<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Mergait\u0117s bok\u0161tas, Stambulas<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Dolmabah\u010d\u0117 r\u016bmai, Stambulas<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Archeologijos muziejus, Stambulas<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Princo salos, Stambulas<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Trojos archeologin\u0117 teritorija, \u010canakal\u0117<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Anatolijos civilizacij\u0173 muziejus, Ankara<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Atat\u00fcrko mauzolejas (An\u0131tkabir), Ankara<\/li>\r\n \t
  • G\u00f6beklitep\u0117 ir Karahantep\u0117, \u015eanl\u0131urfa<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Efeso senamiestis, Sel\u010duk<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Zeugmo mozaikos muziejus, Gaziantep<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Nemruto kalnas, Adyaman<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Did\u017eioji me\u010det\u0117 Divri\u011fi, Sivas<\/li>\r\n \t
  • G\u00f6reme nacionalinis parkas, Nev\u0161ehyras<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Hatusos (Hetit\u0173 sostin\u0117), \u010corum<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Pamukkal\u0117 ir Ierapolis, Denizli<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Safranbolu miestas, Karab\u00fckas<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Selimij\u0117s me\u010det\u0117, Edirn\u0117<\/li>\r\n \t
  • \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck neolitin\u0117 teritorija, Konija<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Cumal\u0131k\u0131zik kaimas, Burso<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Pergamo senamiestis, Izmiras<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Antalijos archeologijos muziejus<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Aspendoso antikinis teatras, Antalija<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Afrodisijos senamiestis, Aidinas<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Pergamo senamiestis<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Stambulo \u0161iuolaikinio meno muziejus<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Rahmi M. Ko\u010d pramon\u0117s muziejus<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Miniat\u016brkas, Stambulas<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Aspendoso antikinis teatras<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Salda e\u017eeras<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Patara papl\u016bdimys<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Dalyanas ir \u0130ztuzu papl\u016bdimys<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Side senamiestis<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Gordiano senamiestis ir muziejus<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Manavgato kriokliai, Antalija<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Damlata\u0161as urvas, Antalija<\/li>\r\n \t
  • I\u0161akpa\u0161os r\u016bmai, A\u011fr\u0131<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Bodrumo pilis, Mu\u011fla<\/li>\r\n \t
  • \u00d6l\u00fcdeniz, Fetij\u0117<\/li>\r\n \t
  • D\u017eiundos sala, Ajvalikas<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Bozcaada<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Moro Gabrielio vienuolynas, Mardinas<\/li>\r\n \t
  • S\u016bmelos vienuolynas, Trabzonas<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Haranas, \u015eanl\u0131urfa<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Mardino miestas<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Deyrulzafarano vienuolynas, Mardinas<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Mevlanas, Konija<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Odunpazar\u0131 namai, Eski\u0161ehyras<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Yedigoler\u0173 nacionalinis parkas, Bolo<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Abanto e\u017eeras, Bolo<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>","link":"https:\/\/travelingturks.com\/lv\/eiropa\/turcija-lv\/","name":"Turcija","slug":"turcija-lv","taxonomy":"category","parent":3853,"meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelingturks.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories\/3863","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelingturks.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelingturks.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/taxonomies\/category"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelingturks.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories\/3853"}],"wp:post_type":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelingturks.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts?categories=3863"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}