{"id":3867,"count":1,"description":"<h2>Turecko: Kri\u017eovatka civiliz\u00e1ci\u00ed<\/h2>\r\nTureck\u00e1 republika m\u00e1 jedine\u010dn\u00e9 postavenie ako jedin\u00e1 krajina na \u00e1zijskom aj eur\u00f3pskom kontinente. Istanbul a Canakkale stoja ako dve mest\u00e1 posaden\u00e9 na opa\u010dn\u00fdch stran\u00e1ch Bosporsk\u00fdch a Dardanelsk\u00fdch prielivov, ktor\u00e9 odde\u013euj\u00fa Marmarsk\u00e9 more a dva kontinenty. Eur\u00f3psky regi\u00f3n je zn\u00e1my ako Tr\u00e1cia (Trakya), zatia\u013e \u010do \u00e1zijsk\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 je ozna\u010dovan\u00e1 ako Anat\u00f3lia (Mal\u00e1 \u00c1zia).\r\n\r\nTurecko sa m\u00f4\u017ee pochv\u00e1li\u0165 rozsiahlou pevninou s rozlohou 738.562 kilometrov \u0161tvorcov\u00fdch a je domovom pre 86 mili\u00f3nov obyvate\u013eov.\r\n\r\nTurecko bolo zalo\u017een\u00e9 v roku 1923 ako demokratick\u00fd a sekul\u00e1rny n\u00e1rod, ktor\u00fd je n\u00e1stupcom Osmanskej r\u00ed\u0161e. Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk, jedna z najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161\u00edch historick\u00fdch osobnost\u00ed sveta, zost\u00e1va v Turecku symbolick\u00fdm symbolom modernizmu a je milovan\u00e1 podstatnou \u010das\u0165ou tureckej popul\u00e1cie.\r\n\r\nKrajina je rozdelen\u00e1 do siedmich geografick\u00fdch oblast\u00ed a pozost\u00e1va z 81 provinci\u00ed. Ankara so 4,5 mili\u00f3nmi obyvate\u013eov sl\u00fa\u017ei ako hlavn\u00e9 mesto, zatia\u013e \u010do Istanbul so 14 mili\u00f3nmi obyvate\u013eov je nielen najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm mestom Turecka, ale aj najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm v Eur\u00f3pe. Medzi \u010fal\u0161ie ve\u013ek\u00e9 mest\u00e1 patria Izmir, Bursa, Adana, Mersin, Antalya a Konya.\r\n\r\nHist\u00f3ria Turecka siaha do 12 000 rokov od jeho po\u010diatkov. Gobeklitepe, ktor\u00fd sa nach\u00e1dza vo v\u00fdchodnej \u010dasti krajiny, je pova\u017eovan\u00fd za prv\u00e9 \u013eudsk\u00e9 s\u00eddlo na svete. V priebehu tis\u00edcro\u010d\u00ed bola Anat\u00f3lia domovom mnoh\u00fdch civiliz\u00e1ci\u00ed, vr\u00e1tane Luwijcov (Trojcov, L\u00fddi\u00e1nov, L\u00fdkijcov a Karijcov), Sumerov, Hattiov a Chetitov, As\u00fdr\u010danov, Fr\u00fdgov, Gala\u0165anov, Urartov, Per\u017eanov, I\u00f3nov, Rimanov, Byzant\u00edncov, Mongolov, Seld\u017eukovia a Osmani.\r\n\r\nTurecko sa nach\u00e1dza v strategicky d\u00f4le\u017eitej geografickej polohe a m\u00e1 spolo\u010dn\u00e9 hranice s mnoh\u00fdmi krajinami, z ktor\u00fdch ka\u017ed\u00e1 m\u00e1 svoje jedine\u010dn\u00e9 vlastnosti. Jeho najdlh\u0161ia hranica le\u017e\u00ed so S\u00fdriou (877 km) a m\u00e1 spolo\u010dn\u00e9 hranice s Irakom, Ir\u00e1nom, Arm\u00e9nskom, Azerbajd\u017eanom, Gruz\u00ednskom, Ruskom, Ukrajinou, Bulharskom a Gr\u00e9ckom. Po\u010das svojej hist\u00f3rie sl\u00fa\u017eila Anat\u00f3lia ako bari\u00e9ra aj most medzi kontinentmi, \u010do viedlo k novodob\u00fdm konfliktom, ako je politick\u00e9 nap\u00e4tie s Ruskom a USA, pokra\u010duj\u00faca kandidat\u00fara na \u010dlenstvo v Eur\u00f3pskej \u00fanii od roku 1963 a ned\u00e1vny pr\u00edlev \u0161tyroch mili\u00f3nov pris\u0165ahovalcov. .\r\n\r\nOkrem desiatich susedov Turecko obklopuj\u00fa tri ve\u013ek\u00e9 moria a jedno vn\u00fatrozemsk\u00e9 more: \u010cierne more na severe, Egejsk\u00e9 more na z\u00e1pade, Stredozemn\u00e9 more na juhu a Marmarsk\u00e9 more odde\u013euj\u00face dva kontinenty.\r\n<h3>Turizmus v Turecku<\/h3>\r\nKa\u017ed\u00fd rok cestuje pribli\u017ene desa\u0165 mili\u00f3nov tureck\u00fdch ob\u010danov na dovolenku do zahrani\u010dia s ob\u013e\u00faben\u00fdmi destin\u00e1ciami vr\u00e1tane Gr\u00e9cka, Talianska, \u0160panielska a Nemecka.\r\n\r\nNaopak, samotn\u00e9 Turecko patr\u00ed medzi top svetov\u00e9 turistick\u00e9 destin\u00e1cie. V roku 2019 bolo Turecko \u0161iestou najnav\u0161tevovanej\u0161ou krajinou na svete a priv\u00edtalo viac ako 40 mili\u00f3nov turistov. Turecko pon\u00faka rozmanit\u00e9 turistick\u00e9 z\u00e1\u017eitky v mnoh\u00fdch destin\u00e1ci\u00e1ch vr\u00e1tane:\r\n<h4>Niektor\u00e9 z najob\u013e\u00fabenej\u0161\u00edch destin\u00e1ci\u00ed v Turecku:<\/h4>\r\n<strong>Istanbul<\/strong>: Presl\u00e1ven\u00fd pre svoju bohat\u00fa hist\u00f3riu, m\u00faze\u00e1, pamiatky, ohromuj\u00faci Bospor a pulzuj\u00faci spolo\u010densk\u00fd \u017eivot.\r\n<strong>Antalya:<\/strong> Zn\u00e1ma svojou bohatou hist\u00f3riou, pr\u00edrodn\u00fdmi kr\u00e1sami, 5-hviezdi\u010dkov\u00fdmi all-inclusive rezortmi, jemn\u00fdmi pieso\u010dnat\u00fdmi pl\u00e1\u017eami, tyrkysovou vodou, vynikaj\u00facimi slu\u017ebami a dostupn\u00fdmi cenami.\r\n<strong>Cappadocia:<\/strong> Nach\u00e1dza sa v srdci Anat\u00f3lie, ktor\u00e1 je zn\u00e1ma svojimi jedine\u010dn\u00fdmi geologick\u00fdmi \u00fatvarmi, tajomn\u00fdmi podzemn\u00fdmi mestami a letmi teplovzdu\u0161n\u00fdm bal\u00f3nom.\r\n<strong>Egejsk\u00e9 pobre\u017eia:<\/strong> Na z\u00e1padn\u00fdch pobre\u017eiach sa nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa dobre zachovan\u00e9 starobyl\u00e9 mest\u00e1 ako Tr\u00f3ja, Efez, Pergamon, Milet, Myra, Aphrodisias, Hierapolis a ob\u013e\u00faben\u00e9 dovolenkov\u00e9 destin\u00e1cie ako Bozcaada, Cesme, Alacati, Bodrum, Fethiye, Datca a Marmaris. Dom M\u00e1rie v Selcuku je v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm p\u00fatnick\u00fdm miestom pre kres\u0165anov.\r\n<h3>Niektor\u00e9 z kult\u00farnych, historick\u00fdch a pr\u00edrodn\u00fdch turistick\u00fdch atrakci\u00ed Turecka, ktor\u00e9 mus\u00edte vidie\u0165 \/ mus\u00edte nav\u0161t\u00edvi\u0165:<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Topkapi pal\u00e1c, Istanbul<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Hagia Sofia, Istanbul<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Me\u0161ita Sultanahmet, Istanbul<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Yerebatan Saray\u0131, Istanbul<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Bosphorus, Istanbul<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Me\u0161ita S\u00fcleymaniye, Istanbul<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Galatsk\u00e1 ve\u017ea, Istanbul<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Ve\u017ea Panny, Istanbul<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Pal\u00e1c Dolmabah\u00e7e, Istanbul<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Archeologick\u00e9 m\u00fazeum, Istanbul<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Ostrovy Princezn\u00e9, Istanbul<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Archeologick\u00e1 lokalita Troja, \u00c7anakkale<\/li>\r\n \t<li>M\u00fazeum anat\u00f3lskych civiliz\u00e1ci\u00ed, Ankara<\/li>\r\n \t<li>An\u0131tkabir, mauz\u00f3leum Atat\u00fcrka, Ankara<\/li>\r\n \t<li>G\u00f6beklitepe a Karahantepe, \u015eanl\u0131urfa<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Antick\u00e9 mesto Efez, Sel\u00e7uk<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Mozaikov\u00e9 m\u00fazeum Zeugma, Gaziantep<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Nemrut Dag, Ad\u0131yaman<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Ve\u013ek\u00e1 me\u0161ita v Divri\u011fi, Sivas<\/li>\r\n \t<li>N\u00e1rodn\u00fd park G\u00f6reme, Nev\u015fehir<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Hattu\u0161a (hlavn\u00e9 mesto Chetitov), \u00c7orum<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Pamukkale a Hierapolis, Denizli<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Mesto Safranbolu, Karab\u00fck<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Me\u0161ita Selimiye, Edirne<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Neolitick\u00e1 lokalita \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck, Konya<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Dedina Cumal\u0131k\u0131z\u0131k, Bursa<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Antick\u00e9 mesto Pergamon, \u0130zmir<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Archeologick\u00e9 m\u00fazeum Antalya<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Antick\u00e9 divadlo Aspendos, Antalya<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Antick\u00e9 mesto Afrodisias, Ayd\u0131n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Antick\u00e9 mesto Pergamon<\/li>\r\n \t<li>M\u00fazeum modern\u00e9ho umenia Istanbul<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Priemyseln\u00e9 m\u00fazeum Rahmi M. Ko\u00e7<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Miniat\u00fcrk, Istanbul<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Antick\u00e9 divadlo Aspendos<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Jazero Salda<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Pl\u00e1\u017e Patara<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Dalyan a pl\u00e1\u017e \u0130ztuzu<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Antick\u00e9 mesto Side<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Antick\u00e9 mesto a m\u00fazeum Gordion<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Vodop\u00e1dy Manavgat, Antalya<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Jasky\u0148a Damlata\u015f, Antalya<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Pal\u00e1c \u0130shakpa\u015fa, A\u011fr\u0131<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Hrad Bodrum, Mu\u011fla<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u00d6l\u00fcdeniz, Fethiye<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Ostrov Cunda, Ayval\u0131k<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Bozcaada<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Kl\u00e1\u0161tor Mor Gabriel, Mardin<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Kl\u00e1\u0161tor S\u00fcmela, Trabzon<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Harran, \u015eanl\u0131urfa<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Mesto Mardin<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Kl\u00e1\u0161tor Deyrulzafaran, Mardin<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Mevlana, Konya<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Domov Odunpazar\u0131, Eski\u015fehir<\/li>\r\n \t<li>N\u00e1rodn\u00fd park Yedig\u00f6ller, Bolu<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Jazero Abant, Bolu<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","link":"https:\/\/travelingturks.com\/sk\/europe-sk\/turecko-sk\/","name":"Turecko","slug":"turecko-sk","taxonomy":"category","parent":3857,"meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelingturks.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories\/3867","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelingturks.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelingturks.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/taxonomies\/category"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelingturks.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories\/3857"}],"wp:post_type":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelingturks.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts?categories=3867"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}